Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (1972–75)

On May 24, 1972, US President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin signed an agreement calling for a joint manned space mission, and declaring intent for all future international manned spacecraft to be capable of docking with each other.^[48] This authorized the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), involving the rendezvous and docking in Earth orbit of a surplus Apollo Command/Service Module with a Soyuz spacecraft. The mission took place in July 1975. This was the last US manned space flight until the first orbital flight of the Space Shuttle in April 1981.^[49]

The mission included both joint and separate scientific experiments, and provided useful engineering experience for future joint US–Russian space flights, such as the Shuttle–Mir Program^[50] and the International Space Station.

https://en.wikipedia.org

See this video that is the recreation of the 

apollo soyuz

https://www.youtube.com

                            

                   SKYLAB(1965–79)

                   

Skylab was the United States' first and only independently built space station.^[46] Conceived in 1965 as a workshop to be constructed in space from a spent Saturn IB upper stage, the 169,950 lb (77,088 kg) station was constructed on Earth and launched on May 14, 1973 atop the first two stages of a Saturn V, into a 235-nautical-mile (435 km) orbit inclined at 50° to the equator. Damaged during launch by the loss of its thermal protection and one electricity-generating solar panel, it was repaired to functionality by its first crew. It was occupied for a total of 171 days by 3 successive crews in 1973 and 1974.^[46] It included a laboratory for studying the effects of microgravity, and a solar observatory.^[46] NASA planned to have a Space Shuttle dock with it, and elevate Skylab to a higher safe altitude, but the Shuttle was not ready for flight before Skylab's re-entry on July 11, 1979.^[47]

To save cost, NASA used one of the Saturn V rockets originally earmarked for a canceled Apollo mission to launch the Skylab. Apollo spacecraft were used for transporting astronauts to and from the station. Three three-man crews stayed aboard the station for periods of 28, 59, and 84 days. Skylab's habitable volume was 11,290 cubic feet (320 m³), which was 30.7 times bigger than that of the Apollo Command Module.^[47]

https://en.wikipedia.org/

See this video is realy nice 

https://www.youtube.com

                 Project Apollo (1961–72)

The U.S public's perception of the Soviet lead in the space race (by putting the first man in space) motivated President John F. Kennedy to ask the Congress on May 25, 1961 to commit the federal government to a program to land a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s, which effectively launched the Apollo program.^[33]

Apollo was one of the most expensive American scientific programs ever. It cost more than $20 billion in 1960s dollars^[34] or an estimated $206 billion in present-day US dollars.^[35] (In comparison, the Manhattan Project cost roughly $26.3 billion, accounting for inflation.)^[35][36] It used the Saturn rockets as launch vehicles, which were far bigger than the rockets built for previous projects.^[37] The spacecraft was also bigger; it had two main parts, the combined command and service module (CSM) and the lunar landing module (LM). The LM was to be left on the Moon and only the command module (CM) containing the three astronauts would eventually return to Earth.

Buzz Aldrin on the Moon, 1969

The second manned mission, Apollo 8, brought astronauts for the first time in a flight around the Moon in December 1968.^[38] Shortly before, the Soviets had sent an unmanned spacecraft around the Moon.^[39] On the next two missions docking maneuvers that were needed for the Moon landing were practiced^[40][41] and then finally the Moon landing was made on the Apollo 11 mission in July 1969.^[42]

https://en.wikipedia.org/

This video shows how was the mission was 

see it is realy nice

https://www.youtube.com

            

               

                Project Gemini (1961–66)

Based on studies to grow the Mercury spacecraft capabilities to long-duration flights, developing space rendezvous techniques, and precision Earth landing, Project Gemini was started as a two-man program in 1962 to overcome the Soviets' lead and to support the Apollo manned lunar landing program, adding extravehicular activity (EVA) and rendezvous and docking to its objectives. The first manned Gemini flight, Gemini 3, was flown by Gus Grissom and John Young on March 23, 1965.^[30] Nine missions followed in 1965 and 1966, demonstrating an endurance mission of nearly fourteen days, rendezvous, docking, and practical EVA, and gathering medical data on the effects of weightlessness on humans.^[31][32]

Under the direction of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, the USSR competed with Gemini by converting their Vostok spacecraft into a two- or three-man Voskhod. They succeeded in launching two manned flights before Gemini's first flight, achieving a three-cosmonaut flight in 1963 and the first EVA in 1964. After this, the program was canceled, and Gemini caught up while spacecraft designer Sergei Korolevdeveloped the Soyuz spacecraft, their answer to Apollo.

https://en.wikipedia.org

          PROJECT MERCURY (1959–63)

Shortly after the Space Race began, an early objective was to get a person into Earth orbit as soon as possible, therefore the simplest spacecraft that could be launched by existing rockets was favored. The US Air Force's Man in Space Soonest program considered many manned spacecraft designs, ranging from rocket planes like the X-15, to small ballistic space capsules.^[24] By 1958, the space plane concepts were eliminated in favor of the ballistic capsule.^[25]

When NASA was created that same year, the Air Force programwas transferred to it and renamed Project Mercury. The first seven astronauts were selected among candidates from the Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilot programs. On May 5, 1961, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard Freedom 7, launched by 

aRedstone booster on a 15-minute ballistic (suborbital) flight.^[26] John Glenn became the first American to be launched into orbit by an Atlas launch vehicle on February 20, 1962 aboard Friendship 7.^[27] Glenn completed three orbits, after which three more orbital flights were made, culminating in L. Gordon Cooper's 22-orbit flight Faith 7, May 15–16, 1963.

https://en.wikipedia.org/

See this video and understand better the PROJECT MERCURY that is very interesting

https://www.youtube.com

            X-15 rocket plane (1959–68)

The X-15 was an NACA experimental rocket-powered hypersonic research aircraft, developed in conjunction with the US Air Force and Navy. The design featured a slender fuselage with fairings along the side containing fuel and early computerized control systems.

 Requests for proposal were issued on December 30, 1954 for the airframe, and February 4, 1955 for the rocket engine. The airframe contract was awarded to North American Aviation in November 1955, and the XLR30 engine contract was awarded toReaction Motors in 1956, and three planes were built. The X-15 was drop-launched from the wing of one of two  Boeing

https://www.youtube.com

Stratofortresses, NB52A tail number 52-003, and NB52B, tail number 52-008 (known as the Balls 8). Release took place at an altitude of about 45,000 feet (14 km) and a speed of about 500 miles per hour (805 km/h).
https://en.wikipedia.org/

See this videpo by copyng and Pasting this link, that is a video of the  recreation of the day that they tested 





https://www.youtube.com

                   

                        
                      
                            Manned Programs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsBkl47RmlU

                                                         X-15 rocket plane (1959–68

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA#/media/File:Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg

                                                           Project Mercury (1959–63)

                  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA#/media/File:Ed_White_performs_first_U.S._spacewalk_-_GPN-2006-000025.jpg

                                                             

                                                               Project Gemini (1961–66)

                  

http://www.burbuja.info

                                                             Project Apollo (1961–72)

                                                      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab

                                                                 Skylab (1965–79)

https://prezi.com/9ocxcotqytjs/globalism-of-the-apollo-soyuz-test-project/

                                                  Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (1972–75)

http://www.pageofreviews.com/tag/space-shuttle/

                                                Space Shuttle program (1972–2011)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_spaceflight

       International Space Station (1993–present)

http://www.nasa.gov/feature/a-decade-of-commercial-transportation-blazes-a-path-for-successful-space-ventures

                                            Commercial Resupply Services (2006–present)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA

                                                   Commercial Crew Program (2010–present)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA

                                             Beyond Low Earth Orbit program (2010–present)

nasa

WHAT IS THE NASA?

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.^{[note 1]}

http://mx.tuhistory.com/etiquetas/guerra-fr%C3%AD

President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA in 1958^[7] with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29, 1958, disestablishing NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958.^[8][9]

Since that time, most US space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylabspace station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, the Space Launch System and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA